Fleas are highly specialised bloodsucking parasites. They have a formidable reputation of claiming more victims than all the wars ever fought, as a result of the "bubonic" (Black Death) plague they spread throughout the world in the 14th century causing the deaths of over 200 million people. Now, these insects are better known for their irritation and pest status.
They are light brown to mahogany in colour and can be anywhere between 2-8mm in size. Fleas often enter a building on dogs and cats, and are commonly deposited in carpeted areas, in the garden, yard and under the building. Their bite can cause acute irritation, infection and transfer other pathogens including viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases.
Silverfish occur in a wide variety of habitats both natural and manmade. Native species are generally found living under the bark of trees, under rocks, in rotten logs and among leaf litter. Most species found in homes are introduced and usually dwell in dark, rarely disturbed places such as in cupboards and bookshelves. They have a soft, elongate body tapering towards the abdomen and are covered with silvery-grey scales. Silverfish are nocturnal herbivores and feed on a variety of vegetable matter. The silverfish that are common in most houses feed predominantly on paper products and fabric found around the home.
Bird Mites are usually associated, well... with birds, normally pigeons. They are 0.5mm to 1mm in length and a greyish/yellow colour except after a feed when they turn red. They are a blood-sucking parasite of birds and normally infest their nests. They become a problem for humans when the birds either leave the nest permanently or die. The mites will leave the nest looking for a new source of food, usually us. Their bite leaves an itchy rash which can become a secondary infection after scratching. They can only survive two to three weeks without a feed from their usual host.
For more information about these and other critters, please visit the Australian Museum online.
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